Id - Ego - Superego

First ill give short definition of my understanding for Id, Ego, Superego.

Id - Our basic human instinct. It is the part of us that wants instant gratification.  It is the reason why babies will cry  until there human instincts are satisfied.

Ego - This facet starts developing at a stage when we become more aware of our surroundings and what may or may not be appropriate social behavior for any given situation.  Let's say if the baby that is crying to be fed was able to comprehend that its caregiver is going about preparing their food they might understand to stop crying. Same as an adult who makes a request understands that asking incessantly wont make it happen any faster so the socially acceptable thing would be to ask once and wait so as not to come across as ungrateful.  The ego decision is based on what others will think.

Superego - This facet develops last, it is based on the life lessons we have had up until that point.  These life lessons teaches us what is right and wrong, giving us our moral compass.  We apply our moral compass to assist us in making decisions that wont upset our said moral compass.  Superego and ego may both come to the same conclusion based on their own thought process.


I think we are all born functioning as just our Id.  As we go through life, growing, maturing, learning life lessons we develop our Ego and the Superego. Once we are a grown adults, I agree with Sigmund Freud.  He contends that Id, Ego, Superego all exist in each of us both serving their individual roles and coming together as an individual's personality.

 

 Say you're on a diet and there's a piece of luscious chocolate cake on the counter. The ID says, "go ahead, it's just one piece! Enjoy it!" while the SUPEREGO says, "You know you don't really want to. It would reverse all the good work you've done so far and you'd feel incredibly guilty if you ate it." Then the EGO is left to sort it out, determine logically how important it is to you to stay on your diet vs. the piece of cake.

The EGO is basically the "mediator" between your id and superego, trying to sort out what each is advocating and more objectively and logically arrive at a decision. All three can work in tandem at times when there is a disagreement or someone hasn't developed the latter 2 it can lead to person being tense and suffering from anxiety.

Songs that served me well

 

 

MUSIC



  

We all know what music is. we all know to appreciate music albeit different music is appreciated by different people. We don't all enjoy the same music. This leads me to believe that music affects all of  us in different ways and therefore we have different tastes in music. Based on our personalities, preferences and personal histories we will have different experiences when exposed to a particular piece of music. For some a particular piece of music may elevate their anxiety levels and for others it may significantly calm them down.

 

Further reading has led me to some research carried out by Daniel Abrams, lead author and postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University School of Medicine. He has found that brain regions involved in movement, attention, planning and memory consistently showed activation when participants listened to music -- these are structures that don't have to do with auditory processing itself. This means that when we experience music, a lot of other things are going on beyond merely processing sound.

 

Majority of the time I find that I may like a tune but what really makes it resonate with me are the words and the memories attached to the song from all the times I have heard them play.  For instance there is a song called cups from the movie pitch perfect.  I actually came across the song by accident this past summer and was amazed at the rhythm and harmonies and all the different cover versions that were available online.  After the amazement subsided I found myself playing it all through the summer at the request of my son. Now that song has a special place in my heart as it brings back the feelings and fun times I shared with my son watching the clip and attempting to copy it with him.  it is safe to say that I have possibly heard/watched every version of this song on YouTube.

 

 

 

 

This next song, I actually came to love and appreciate the tune after I paid attention to the words. I felt like it spoke directly to me.  After a while of listening to it, it didn't make a difference with or without the lyrics, it made me feel like I wasn't alone at that particular time. A time in my life when I felt alone and misunderstood.  The mood of the tune matched the lyrics beautifully. I found it easier to give this song to people close to me to help them understand how I felt at the time and what I was going through rather than trying to talk about how I felt.  Hearing the song quite a few years down the road, it still resonates with me and reminds me how far I come. Good feelings all round even though its associated with a difficult time in my life, it gave words to my feelings that at times were too painful to express.  It supported me like a friend would.

 

 

 

My taste in music has evolved and changed over the years.  Different periods, different happiness or struggles means that different kinds of music resonate with me at different times.  Not always am I in the mood of an upbeat song.  Sometimes I would just like to allow myself to wallow and listen to some sad tunes other times I will listen to something upbeat to shift a bad mood.  I would say that all types of music has 'spoken' to me at one time or another. However the one genre that I can say I have never felt a real kinship to, is the heavy rap.  I'm not sure if that's because they don't usually have a musical tune (some do and those I will listen to the chorus) or if its the violent nature of the lyrics.  Either way that isn't the music I ever find myself listening to.  But who knows what the future holds.

 

 

 

 



What makes me be ME?

 

There are many ways to look at self. 

Are we our physical body/being? Are we our thoughts, our actions or our conscience?

I believe we are a combination of both the tangible and the non tangible.  We are never quite only one or the other. A body without actions, thought or conscience is barely a complete person and that works vice versa too. It may be a physical being but not a human person. We are differentiated from animals by having intelligence to inquire/think about the truth of our existence.

 

It has often been reported, many people that have had heart transplants have been known to say that since the transplant they don't feel like themselves. They have new likes, dislikes and find themselves drawn to new experiences and interests that they've never had previously.  This lends to my belief stated above.

 

 

We go through life outwardly appearing the way we do, and we experience life through that façade, people treat us very much by the way we look.  Furthermore, those experiences affect and form our ways of thinking. Therefore, if our façade where to be different then our experience and thought process would differ.

I would therefore summarize that what makes me be me is the sum of my physical being and the experiences I have had in life up until now.  They have led me to think the way I think and act the way I act forming the person that is perceived as me.

This me will keep evolving and changing, the me of today will not be the me of the future but it will be the me of that time and place that was formed of my physical being, my experiences and the thoughts and actions that resulted of those.  We are a product of our past.

 

A learned memory

Life to me is one big lesson. As long as we are alive it is our duty to keep learning, making new memories and gaining new experiences. My motto that I try to adhere to is to try and learn at least one new thing on a daily basis.

 

I have noticed about myself that the lessons that stick with me the most are the ones that were hardest to learn.  This concurs with the sentence "If you acquire the new skill or knowledge slowly and laboriously, that's learning."

 

I won't necessarily take someone's word, I annoyingly have to learn the hard way -- through experience. I cannot pick one specific incident that taught me the lesson I want to tell you about. Unfortunately, I learn the hard way which is seldom the fast way  in one single incident.

 

I would say, the time the realization became completely and painfully clear to me was after I had my son. I was new in a foreign country, alone with little/no family, none of my old close friends, not doing too well in the financial department either just to add the additional facet to my stress.

I had made some new friends: or I thought I had. I always helped them out in any way they asked or needed during the time I lived here. I didn't do it so that they would help me out in return, though I wrongly assumed that they would do the same for me. To me that's what friends are for.  

 

After the birth of my son I found myself struggling to cope and yet none of these so called friends were available to help me when I needed it. At the time this was quite shocking to me, I had always gone out of my way to help them in any way needed, many times putting my needs second to theirs. To realize that the people you cared about and you thought cared about you, truly only had their own interests in mind was a difficult lesson to learn, painful even.  

I have since learned not to totally give up on my belief, that we should be helping one another. However, I now will first take into consideration any adverse consequence  helping others may have to me or my family -- my one and only true concern.

Truth be told, I say it became clear after I had my son, I actually was aware of this prior to this period in my life. You could say that I hadn't learned this lesson to the full extent until I was truly left hanging at a time in my life when it was the most important not to be. As I said I learn the long and hard way, but it is one lesson I won't forget in a hurry.

I have learned the following: 

 

*Live for yourself, not only for others. No one else is going to try and please you if you don't try and please yourself.

 

 

*Don't judge people by your own standards if you don't like being judged by theirs, accept and respect that it is each to their own.

 

 

The feeling of being left hanging is a memory I would rather forget, but it is one I should never forget, for the memory of my experience of that period in my life has forced me to internalize an important lesson that in turn has helped me gain so much more from my life for myself and my family.

How effective or ineffective is physical punishment in correcting children's behavior?

Physical punishment can convey to the recipient the idea that physical aggression is permissible and perhaps even desirable. how effective or ineffective is physical punishment in correcting children's behavior?

From my personal experiences, I have seen that physical punishment can be both effective and ineffective. It very much depends on the child in question, to what methods that specific child responds to better, and the lesson/behavioral change that is trying to be implemented. 

 

 

I believe physical punishment should only be used when the child's safety or health are at risk. If physical punishment is saved for only such circumstances, the impact will be stronger and worth the risk of the child in question thinking that the aggression is desirable and/or permissible. However, if you were to say, smack the child every time he/she misbehaves the physical punishment will quite soon not have the desired impact. The child will quite possibly grow up with the feeling that it's okay to, for example, push, hit, and/or pinch when someone doesn't do exactly as told. 

I believe that positive reinforcement is a much more effective way to affect change in a child's behavior. Instilling that ideal into a child from a young age would be a lot more beneficial for the child in his or her journey through life into adulthood.

 

 

There are however many cultures that recognize physical punishment as being the only way to raise a child and they do not pay much attention to the changing times or question these methods. It is the only way they know. It's the way they were raised and they do not feel or notice the effects it has had on them.  The last sentence in itself proves the statement in question to be true; "physical punishment does convey that it is permissible and in some cases the desirable way to handle issues."

 

Even after all of the above, I would still say that physical punishment still has a time and place, that time and place needs to be chosen carefully. As mentioned before, in circumstances that the child's health and or safety are at risk. If they were to run into the street or they are playing with something dangerous, I wouldn't hesitate to give the child a quick smack on their behind accompanied by a clear explanation to the danger of what they were doing as a reason for the smack. However, in general I would use physical punishment only as a last resort.

 

Dream Analysis

Analyze your most vivid dream using the following perspective:

1. according to the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic view, what might be the forbidden, unconscious fears, drives, or desires represented by your dream?  can you identify the manifest content versus the latent content?

2. psychologists from the cognitive perspective believe dreams provide important information, help us make needed changes in our life, and even suggest solutions to real-life problems.  Do you agree or disagree? does your dream provide an in sight that increases your self-understanding?

having analyzed your dream from two different perspectives, can you see how it is a challenge to find the one right answer? critical thinkers can synthesize the information and develop greater understanding, but no one single theory reveals the whole picture.

 

 

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As best I can recall my dream is as follows:

I am waiting in a nondescript hotel lobby with a few acquaintances for last person in group to head out for something.  Its taking ages, and its apparent to me that I am the only one in the group getting anxious about the waiting around and that some people (no clue who we were waiting for)  have no issue to keep people waiting as if no one but themselves are important enough and others' time is of no consequence when it comes to them doing what they want.  I decide to voice my opinion about being kept waiting and how improper  and inconsiderate it was of the person.  It bothers me that no one else is bothered and just say what's the big deal?  The next thing that happens is I can't find my phone in the lobby, so I decide to go back to my room to see if there if they anyhow waiting.  I walk through the hotel restaurant that just materialized seemingly out of nowhere.  I see some random school class mates from high school back in 1996.  Most of them look like they have been stuck in a time warp, they compliment me on how good I look since last seeing them.  I look for the elevator, press button.. a door opens up but it's the stairs... see next wall over what looks like more elevators.. press.. something else pops open... it looks like elevator... once get in I see steps but I see burns for floor.. I suddenly notice I have key hanging with room number I thought I didn't know. I Press the room

number then suddenly the floor moves but I see there are no walls to this elevator! It starts moving laterally and in what seems like unconstrained by any shaft or wiring. The sensation feels  familiar, as if I've been in such an elevator before.  I threw myself and son (who I suddenly realize is holding my hand, he wasn't there earlier) down on the floor and I see somewhere that this is the design elevator.. no clue what that means.. suddenly a man pokes head around a wall after I've shrieked in fear after the elevator lurched and me and my son almost full of the flimsy elevator... he is sitting swinging his feet out of side.  I yell at him to grab my son.. I'm not sure if he does. He said we be landing in any min to the location I chose for the train ... I remember there are 2 train stations with same name. one right next hotel the other across town.. I have no money, and we arrive at other side of town.. the guy gets out and leaves me to open door on the wobbly still stopping van that is in the process of rolling over... I get me and my son out and then it rolls and kind of lands upright again with flames inside.. of course we are across town.. I start trudging towards the hotel and the destination seems to get further and further.. my son no longer in dream.. I see a girl pass me, she used to be babysitter but quit, leaving me in the lurch.. walking uphill slower and with more of a struggle than everyone else around me. the uphill walk seems particularly tough and destination is miles away with no option of getting their faster and I keep on going grabbing hold of anything that will assist me in taking another step...then my dear son wakes me from my miserable anxiety ridden dream.

 

 

There are many different elements to the dream.  However, I have picked just a couple of them to keep this assignment manageable and focused.

One common thread through out the dream is that it was full of unexpected surprises.  My phone which I'm sure I had, is suddenly nowhere, a hotel restaurant suddenly appears, people I haven't thought about in years are sitting there, I was waiting for elevator but then it turned out to be just steps then the elevator had no walls, my room key shows up, then my son, then the guy swinging his feet of the end of the elevator floor. I end up 'landing' in a truck of sorts that explodes after rolling and still somehow landing on its wheels. the hidden guy was quite unhelpful even in face of danger. 

I would say it symbolizes my life and all the constant changes I have made, rolling with the punches.  It has been full of surprises and changes in direction yet I have never given up.  I took the time to work out a new path and focus on it and I may go as far as saying I was always aware of the right thing to do subconsciously (my room key showing up, my son being a big part of my decisions).  Come to think of it I noticed the elevator was strange but got in anyway, that decision had to do with my son holding my hand, giving me the feeling that I can't give up on what I am trying to achieve in my life, in my marriage.  Without my son I do not believe that I would persevere and fight as hard for the achievements I want and need.

Along the way I meet many other unforeseen challenges head on. the babysitter walking past me and me not even saying anything to her in my dream signifies in my opinion to how I have learned to handle what I now would refer to as small hurdles whereas they used to be big almost debilitating hurdles for me.  Instead of focusing on why she left and what her calculations were, I don't waste my time or energy on that anymore.  I try and focus on what I need to do to rectify the situation to best suit myself, that doesn't include trying to work out why/how someone would/could up and quit from one day to next without any thought to the repercussion caused as a result to others.

The dream overall gives me a general feeling of unease, the struggle - even the simple walking, the unexpected frights and turns.  However, when I look a little deeper I start to see that my dream showing me that I am strong and capable and not as easily phased as I thought. It has also made me more aware that I know many of the answers I am searching for in my subconscious and that I should take more time to address searching them out from within myself.  Most importantly, its going take more than what I've been through to date for me to raise my hand and give up. 

This dream can serve as 'woe is me' story.  However, I am choosing to take it as a dream of encouragement and acknowledgement.  Life isn't easy, no one ever said it would be.  My dream is helping me realize how far I have gotten doing things the way I have been.  It has been an uphill struggle for the most of it, but unexpectedly things and paths become apparent and my son makes it all worth it.  He becomes visible in my dream when most important for me to stay focused and keep going to reach my goals. I guess something I haven't fully acknowledged is that he is my biggest motivation. Quite the opposite of what I have unfortunately thought at some desperate times, that he was a hindrance.

Manifest and latent content; The entire fictional depiction of my dream is the manifest (excluding the real people in my every day life, namely my son.)  The latent is open to interpretation. As I mentioned earlier I have chosen to apply it positively but it would be just as easy for someone, without having the knowledge of what my life has been like till the day I dreamed it, to interpret it as a story of only struggle.  I have what I would say is the luck and others might say the misfortune, of having the knowledge of the intricate details of my life and therefore can interpret my dream positively to help me rather than hinder me in my future unexpected surprises.  Another incident where perception is different depending on your attitude, background and experience. 

When I started writing I wasn't sure what I believed regarding dreams and their interpretation.  Now that I have completed, I find myself agreeing with psychologists of the cognitive perspective. They believe dreams provide important information, help us make needed changes in our life, and even suggest solutions to real-life problems.  My dream has provided me with some new added insight that has in turn increased my self-understanding.

Sensing The World Around Us - How two people can see the same thing and interpret it differently!

Take into consideration that;

 

1: Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
and that

2: people selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interest, background, experience, and attitudes.

 

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Scenario: A man and woman in a long term (yet troubled) committed relationship. For the purpose of the story I will be naming the boyfriend Jack and the girlfriend Mary.

Background: Mary is accustomed to conceding to Jack's wants and wishes. Jack has
history of being self centered and narcissistic. Reasons for their respective behaviors (if she enables his narcissism etc.. if his narcissism stems from childhood survival instincts etc.) are not relevant for the purpose of this paper.

Jack would like to attend an exclusive costly function, based on his interests, that is taking place around the time of Mary's birthday. In order to attend he would have to be away for her birthday. Mary is hoping that Jack will just for this one day show her that he is able to make that day all about her.

However, Jack in his mindset decides to do something for Mary's birthday that will still give him what he wants. He decides to treat her to go along to this function even though this is function is based on his interest. True to his perspective, he believes he is really treating Mary for her birthday by spending the extra money on her so she can also travel and attend this exclusive expensive function.

Mary of course sees this totally different. She sees this as just another way for Jack to get what he wants. The function is based on his interests, not hers, she doesn't share this interest with him. He may be spending the extra money because it's her birthday but he is spending it so that he can still get what he wants. She would probably prefer to do something more catered to her interests and less about him.

Majority of their friends and family see it as a lovely gesture on Jack's behalf, treating Mary to a lovely quiet trip for two. Jack sees it that way too. However, Mary and her close friends that are privy to her struggle with his self centered behavior in the past, see it the same way she does. He is treating her once again as an accessory to his life. Mary's previous experience with Jack has caused her to look at this with a negative spin. In the grander picture it actually was a gesture that was offered by Jack for the occasion of Mary's birthday but it wasn't a gesture that focused on her birthday. She was being treated to go along with his own plans instead of him going alone and her being alone for her birthday.

In summary, depending on your interest (Jack wanting to attend the function and Mary wanting day focused on her and additionally not sharing the interest in the event) and experience (Mary's wants and desires taking a backseat to Jack's wants and desires in the past) and attitude (Jack's narcissistic attitude and Mary's resulting negative take) this incident could come across either positively or negatively.

If Mary shared the same interest as the Jack and he didn't have a narcissistic history, which would mean her wants had not always come second to his in the past then this could have been considered a wonderfully romantic gesture by most parties. But, the different experiences, interest, and attitudes cause them to perceive this incident in polar opposite ways.

This leads me to make the following conclusion. Perception - the process by which individuals organize and interpret their impressions in order to give meaning to their environment - is very much affected by how people selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interest, background, experience, and attitudes. Had this been a lone incident with no preceding incidents of selfishness on jack's behalf then this whole scenario would NOT have been perceived as an issue at all. Furthermore, had Jack not had the attitude of everything being about his own desires first, then he would have perceived that Mary would like her birthday to be a day that should be all about her and his function would not have become the focus for her birthday.

What is reality? if what we perceive is often wrong then how can we be sure what is real and what isn't.

 

 

 

 

 

Hi there

Let me introduce myself.  My name is Sarah, I am what would be referred to in England, where I am originally from, as an ex-pat. Currently I live

where many believe to be the greatest city in the world New York City.  I on the other hand am not so fast to agree with that, I am more partial to London, Mostly because it is my home town where I spent my formative years.

Proposed Hypotheses - Cognitive functioning is effected more by sleep deprivation than by food deprivation.

Formulate a hypothesis , propose the best way to test it and explain why you would carry out your experiment that particular way. come up with a hypothesis and a proposal as cool and unique as each of you are!

 

Is cognitive functioning effected more by sleep deprivation than by food deprivation?

It is well known that both sleep and food deprivation effects our cognitive performance, there are many studies out there that prove that. The question that I would like to further investigate is if sleep is more important than food to produce optimal performance in cognitive function.

 

 

The best way I propose to testing this theory is the following process.

First I would do some Archival Research. This form of research that entails looking at existing data to discover what is already known regarding my hypotheses. 

The additional experimentation detailed below would each be done repeatedly with different control groups under the following three conditions over set length of time;

1. Subjects will be neither sleep nor food deprived,

2. Subjects will be food deprived,

3. Subjects will be sleep deprived.

The testing under settings described in condition 1 would be to provide me with a baseline to see which one of the deprivations,  sleep deprivation or food deprivation would make the results deviate the most from their unaffected full cognitive functioning. 

Following the initial discovery from the archival research I propose to implement Naturalistic Observation over time to watch and study change in general behavior due to the deprivations. This would best be carried out remotely and hidden so as not to produce Observer Effect  - a change in natural behavior in the test subjects. 

I would then like to follow up with standard cognitive testing over set time and intervals also under the 3 conditions described above.  

 

This method is best for the experimental phase since  it provides me with the opportunities to submit each test group to both sleep deprivation and food deprivation separately and then submitting them to standardized cognitive testing in all 3 conditions, thus allowing me to ascertain how the individuals are effected and by which deprivation they are effected more and by how far they have deviated from the baseline supplied by the testing under the circumstances put forth above in condition 1.

To perhaps take this hypotheses and experiment one step further I would employ a Correlational Study to carry out further comparison on groups segregated by age and gender to ascertain the relation between age or gender and the effect of deprivation.  I would then be able to conclude based on my research, at what stage in life sleep and/or food would play the most important role in our optimal cognitive function, and if men and women are effected in the same way at the same ages.

Intuition and Common Sense V. Scientific Approach

Do you think Intuition and common sense are sufficient for understanding why people act the way they do? In what ways is scientific approach appropriate for studying human behavior?

To assist in understanding why intuition and common sense may not be enough to understand why people act the way they do, let me first clarify what they are.  Both can be classified as gut instinct and are biased personal opinions with no research of any sort to back them up.  Intuition and common sense are based solely on personal feelings and or opinions not fact or findings.

 

 

To answer the question "in what ways is scientific approach appropriate for studying human behavior?" I would clarify that a scientific approach is the opposite of what intuition and common sense are.  Scientific approach is based on research and results of repeated testing that are then experimented repeatedly over set length of time to ensure that the said results stand true even after vigorous scrutinization.

Scientific methods used for finding answers are far more valid and legitimate than those resulting from intuition and common sense.  The latter are often inaccurate.  Scientific approach provides us with more objective and dispassionate reasoning based on repeated scientific testing.  Further experiments using larger and often wider variety of test subjects are then carried out to ascertain and support that the original reasoning and results hold up to further investigation.

Both perspectives are important. For example, knowing cases in greater depth ensures that quantitative research is grounded in real-world situations and is less likely to be misleading. Intuition can also help scientists figure out what variables to consider and how to build an appropriate model.

However, intuition and common sense are by no means sufficient for understanding why people act the way they do.  At most they may serve as an initial idea for a scientific experiment that if carried out efficiently will either support or nullify the original intuition or idea bought about by common sense thought. Scientific approach has the advantage of being detail-oriented, logical, and quantitative and can be highly evidence-based, given a statistically accurate weight to each factor considered. The Scientific approach is specifically designed to eliminate bias and faulty thinking, making it a lot more appropriate for studying human behavior as it yields more accurate and reliable results.

 

 

 

An example supporting the Scientific approach would be:  patients with serious illnesses that are discussing treatment options with the doctor, do not want to hear their doctor,“I’ve only given out this pill twice. Both patients died, but I knew each of them really well.”  It would be a lot more encouraging for them to hear,“this pill has been given out 10,000 times and only two people have ever died.  I never met those two people, but there’s a 99.98% chance the pill will cure you.”